There are certain words in english that are usually followed by an infinitive or gerund. Now that you know how these two elements can work in similar ways, its time to note an important difference in the gerundinfinitive equation. They are nouns and they are formed by adding ing onto a verb. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. An infinitive is the basic or root form of a verb, typically preceded with to. Aug 26, 2019 verbs that are followed by other verbs can take either the gerund or the infinitive. English grammar rules for using the infinitive englishat. If you are not sure whether to use the infinitive or gerund, check out our lists below. Some verbs can take both gerunds and infinitives, with only a slight difference in the meaning as explained in part i above.
Making friends has become more difficult since i moved to a new city. The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to gerunds. After the main verb, both gerunds and infinitives can be used. Verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives complete these sixteen sentences to score your knowledge of gerunds and infinitives. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use gerunds. To reinforce the differences between the gerunds, infinitives and progressive verb tenses, teachers need to provide an opportunity for students to identify each in sentences. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example. One just has to memorize or refer to lists such as this one. Grammar gerunds and infinitives learning how to use gerunds and infinitives is one of the most challenging aspects of learning english. It explains some verbs that are followed by gerund, the ones that are followed by. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules azar grammar.
A collection of english esl gerunds and infinitives powerpoints for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about. Change the verb in brackets into the correct form note that in some cases both forms can be correct. Some verbs, such as continue, begin and start can be followed with the infinitive or gerund with no change in meaning. Some forms are not included in the table because they dont exist or are very rarely used. We usually use infinitives with to in the english language. After an adjective, it is common to use an infinitive verb. Using gerunds and infinitives a gerund is a verb form that ends in ing and is used as a noun walking, traveling, voting. English grammar rules for using the infinitive english. Ive found some common mistakes like these that students make with gerunds. Gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives are nouns formed from verbs. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb.
The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. Verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives verb semantics. Part 1 of the gerunds and infinitives tutorial explains what gerunds and infinitives are and how to begin using them in everyday english. Gerunds and infinitives complex forms test english. Gi003 gerund or infinitive fill in the correct form intermediate. Gerunds and infinitives can function b to compose a sonata would take months. The main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive. Click here for stepbystep rules, stories and exercises to practice all english tenses.
Both gerunds and infinitives can be subjects in sentences, and both gerunds and infinitives can serve as the object of a verb. Gerunds and infinitives pdf documents and notes lessons. Students decide whether it is a gerund or an infinitive that go with the rule. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in.
Because their function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a sentence. Gerunds and infinitives part 4 perfect english grammar. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives to describe an action. Gerunds are formed by adding ing to the end of a verb. Knowing which verbs or phrases are followed by gerunds, infinitives or either can be a difficult task. A gerund is a verb ending in ing that functions as a noun. Hes accustomed to working out in the gym and believes in keeping fit.
Dec 05, 2018 i agree with you that gerunds can be a challenge for students and teaching them with infinitives can be confusing. Complete exercises 1 10 below to practice what you have learned in part 1 before mov. Some of these verbs are included in the list above and may be used without an object. For this reason, here you have a deep explanation of all their uses. Apr 15, 2012 some verbs are followed by infinitives while others are followed by gerunds. After prepositions that follow a verb or an adjective gerunds. Part 2 of the gerunds and infinitives tutorial discusses how to control gerunds and infinitives and start using them more like native english speakers. The following guidelines and lists will help you figure out whether a gerund or infinitive is needed. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use. Gerund and infinitive worksheet in this printable worksheet, the rules for using gerunds and infinitives will be explained in detail. Take the rule that governs regular verb conjugation. Gerunds are an important grammar form to understand and to be able to use effectively in the ielts test and in your english more generally. Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive without causing a change in meaning.
Both can be used as the subject or object of a sentence. Gerunds a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a. A sentence using a gerund can be converted in a sentence that uses an infinitive and vice versa. A compilation of upper level rules of gerunds and infinitives. Gerund it is a verb form which ends in ing and works as a noun in the following cases. Afterwards, they discuss the difference in meaning of some verbs which can take both gerunds and infinitives. You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a. The gerund is formed with ing walking, eating, etc. English esl gerunds and infinitives powerpoint presentations. Gerund the present participle ing form of the verb, e. Becoming a millionaire is a dream of many young people today. Gerunds and infinitives apu writing center 6268156000 ext.
However, it is more common for c it would take months to compose a infinitives that are subjects to move to the end sonata. Gerunds and infinitives part 4 put the verb into the gerund or the infinitive with to. She is looking forward to visiting his aunt in chicago. Some verbs and verb phrases are directly followed a gerund. Verbs that show emotion and the fulfillment of unfulfillment of an activity may affect the meaning depending on the choice of an infinitive or a gerund. Complete exercises 11 20 to see if you understand what youve learned in parts 1 and 2. You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence. Lets start with explaining what infinitives and gerunds are.
Multiple choice, fill in the word, select from drop down. Feelsee hear watch someone do doing i heard him tell you about the letter. All forms of gerunds and infinitives you can see all the gerund and infinitive forms in the table below. Some rules gerund infinitive verb linguistic typology. When the participle words like considering, referring, concerning, viewing, regarding, judging, broadly. Gerund and infinitive, english grammar, english, grammar. Verbs followed by a gerund they enjoyed working on the boat. Words derived from verbs are known as verbals and may take modifiers, objects, and complements to form verbal phrases a gerund phrase uses the ing form of. Paul avoids using chemicals on the vegetables he grows. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives gerund the ing form of a verb which works as a noun is known as a gerund.
The explanation will be followed by two practice activities with these grammar forms. Dont forget that some verbs take either a gerund or an infinitive with no change in meaning. The construction workers worried about losing their jobs. There are certain verbs that can only be followed by one or the other, and these verbs. Simple, continuous and perfect infinitives and gerunds. Gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence. Following a verb gerund or infinitive both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb. Simple rules to master the use of gerunds and infinitives. For verbs that take the gerund, as well as verbs that take both, see our page on gerunds. How to teach gerunds and infinitives to esl students.
Use the info you have learned on the gerunds and infinitives explanation page. Basic rules for gerunds and infinitives tru newsroom. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable pdf that you can take anywhere. The gerund and the infinitive are the forms of the verbs that act as names.
Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb form. Some rules of gerunds and infinitives busy teacher. Infinitives use to before the verb so the examples above would be to eat, to play and to listen. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund. For more advanced levels of esl, this should be a simple, brief exercise that can be written on the board with the entire class participating. Rules in using gerunds and infinitives a sentence can either use a gerund or an infinitive, it is only a matter of being able to distinguish how and when to use it appropriately. Some rules gerund infinitive free download as powerpoint presentation. See more ideas about learn english, english grammar and english verbs. Gerunds and infinitives exercises really learn english. There are also some verbs that are followed by both gerunds and infinitives. Know your gerunds and infinitives what you are about to learn is going to be a lot easier if you remember how to use gerunds and infinitives. Some people prefer getting up early in the morning.
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